جهاددانشگاهی فصلنامه علمی پژوهشهای فضا و مکان در شهر 3060-6985 10 38 2026 05 22 An Exploration of Theorists' Conceptual Frameworks for Enhancing Place Memorability and Attachment Using Q-Methodology واکاوی الگوهای مفهومی نظریه‌پردازان برای ارتقای خاطره‌انگیزی و دلبستگی به مکان با روش کیو 53 104 734027 10.22034/jspr.2026.2066012.1148 FA ساناز سعیدی مفرد دانشیار گروه شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران. هادی فرهنگدوست کارشناس‌ارشد، معماری اسلامی، گروه هنر و معماری اسلامی، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری اسلامی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام رضا(ع)، مشهد، ایران 0000-0002-1828-4000 Journal Article 2025 07 26 Introduction The contextual basis of this research is the conceptual gap within architectural and urban planning studies regarding the understanding of the reciprocal relationships among key components of the collective mindset in place. In the contemporary fast-paced world, the formation of this mindset, which directly impacts place memorability and place attachment, has become a primary concern. The present problem arises from the frequent neglect of a coherent theoretical framework capable of comprehensively explaining the dynamics among these three key constructs. This mindset is not merely a product of physical interactions but rather a complex outcome of social, historical, and psychological processes. The research problem focuses on this deficit in understanding these interrelations, as well as the urgent need to deeply investigate the socio-cultural impacts of places on these constructs, particularly in societies like Iran, which, despite a rich history, face rapid identity transformations. Accordingly, the primary objective of this research is to elucidate the interactive mechanisms between memorability and place attachment and to analyze the mediating role of the collective mindset in this relationship. More precisely, the goal is to analyze and explain the mental models of theorists concerning this tripartite interaction, thereby identifying factors that contribute to enhancing these connections and exploring their impact on social and cultural identity. The rationale for this research is rooted in addressing existing theoretical weaknesses and the progressive decline in the quality of spatial experience within human settlements. In both theoretical and practical realms of architecture, we often encounter a disjuncture or a reductionist view of these concepts; contemporary urban environments are designed as alienating spaces, lacking the power to generate deep memories or attachment. This not only leads to the weakening of the sense of belonging and reduced social participation but can also result in the erosion of cultural and collective identity. Therefore, this research theoretically aids in bridging the existing conceptual gap and, on a practical level, presents more applied solutions for designers and policymakers to create spaces that reinforce human bonds and collective identity. This is particularly crucial in the revitalization of historic fabrics and the design of vibrant public spaces, potentially assisting in the recovery of indigenous place values. Methodology To achieve objectives, a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) research design centered on Q-methodology was employed. Q-methodology is a potent tool for the systematic study of subjectivity and the exploration of perceptual structures regarding complex concepts like place experience. In a unique approach, instead of using human participants, the study utilized the works and perspectives of prominent theorists—such as Kevin Lynch, Christian Norberg-Schulz, Edward Relph, Yi-Fu Tuan, Maurice Halbwachs, Pierre Nora, Jane Jacobs, Altman & Low, Scannell & Gifford, and Dolores Hayden—as representatives of the theoretical population (P-set). This approach facilitated a structured analysis of the existing theoretical discourse. The selection of these theorists was based on theoretical purposive sampling to ensure coverage of a diverse spectrum of viewpoints across architecture, urban planning, environmental psychology, and urban sociology. The research process was executed in several distinct stages. In the first step, identifying the concourse (discourse domain) was conducted through a preliminary literature review and documentary analysis to precisely define the thematic territory and the theoretical population. The second stage was the P-set selection, where purposive sampling of theorists based on specific criteria was performed, and the final list was compiled. The third step, research design, involved revising and refining the research questions and objectives to achieve the final research framework. In the fourth stage, context identification was undertaken through a deeper analysis of the selected works to ensure the coverage and diversity of perspectives. The fifth step, library sampling (concourse extraction), utilized indexing (Fiche-bardari) and qualitative content analysis to extract an initial set of potential Q-statements. The sixth stage, serving as an alternative to pre-interviews, involved a critical re-reading of theoretical texts to extract preliminary statements. In the seventh step, data familiarization was achieved through repeated, in-depth study of the texts and initial coding to reach theoretical saturation regarding the spectrum of viewpoints. The eighth stage was the Q-set development; here, through content analysis and statement refinement, the final set comprising 75 statements (deemed sufficient for theoretical saturation) was compiled. Discussion and Result The results from the factor analysis led to the identification of three distinct mental models. Statistical analysis of the data (KMO value = 0.748 and Bartlett's Test significance, p < .001) confirmed the suitability of the data for factor analysis. Based on the Total Variance Explained table and the Scree Plot, two principal factors with Initial Eigenvalues greater than 1 were identified (Factor 1 = 3.949 and Factor 2 = 2.079), which collectively explained 75.350% of the total variance before rotation and 65.607% after rotation. Factor 1 was named "Lived-Experience and Affective Bond with Place"; this factor showed the highest factor loadings for the concepts of "Phenomenology of Place" (P3) with a loading of 0.886 and "Place Identity" (P4) with a loading of 0.782. This pattern emphasizes the importance of the internal, sensory, psychological, and affective dimensions of the human-place relationship and the formation of attachment as an existential and identity-based bond. Factor 2 was named "Collective Memory and Image of the Place." This factor exhibited very high factor loadings for the concepts of "Collective Memory" (P1) with a loading of 0.959, "Places of Memory" (P5) with a loading of 0.963, and "Image of the City" (P2) with a loading of 0.924. This mental model clearly focuses on the collective, symbolic, and visual dimensions of place, indicating that a place's capacity for representing collective memory (aligning with Halbwachs and Nora) and its physical legibility (aligning with Lynch) are foundational to forming a shared perception. In addition to these two principal factors, two auxiliary factors were also extracted: "Reconstruction of Memory and Return to Place Experience" (primarily defined by the "Power of Place" (P7) concept with a loading of 0.973, emphasizing the role of conflict and inequality in memory representation) and "Environmental Holism" (defined by "Integrated Models" (P8) with a loading of 0.898, stressing the need for interdisciplinary and technological approaches). مسئلۀ پژوهش بر پایۀ شکاف مفهومی موجود در مطالعات معماری و شهرسازی پیرامون روابط میان مؤلفه‌های کلیدی ذهنیت جمعی در مکان شکل ‌گرفته است. ضرورت آن در پاسخ به ضعف‌های نظری موجود، کاهش کیفیت تجربۀ فضایی در سکونتگاه‌ها و ناتوانی طراحی‌های شهری در ایجاد فضاهای هویت‌مند و مشارکت‌پذیر نهفته است. براین‌اساس، از روش پژوهش ترکیبی (کیفی‌ـ‌کمی) مبتنی بر روش پژوهش کیو استفاده می‌کند. به‌جای استفاده از مشارکت‌کنندگان انسانی، از آثار و دیدگاه‌های نظریه‌پردازان برجسته‌ای همچون کوین لینچ، کریستین نوربرگ‌ـ‌شولتس، ادوارد رلف، یی‌فو توآن، موریس هالبواکس، پیر نورا، جین جیکوبز، آلتمن و لو، اسکنل و گیفورد و دولورس هیدن به‌عنوان نمایندگان جامعۀ نظری بهره گرفته شد. انتخاب این نظریه‌پردازان بر پایۀ نمونه‌گیری هدفمند نظری صورت گرفت تا طیف متنوعی از دیدگاه‌ها در حوزه‌های معماری، شهرسازی، روان‌شناسی محیطی و جامعه‌شناسی شهری پوشش داده شود. ابتدا، دیدگاه‌های نظریه‌پردازان به‌صورت کارت‌های کیو در قالب مجموعه‌ای از ۷۵ گویه استخراج می‌شوند. سپس، با استفاده از تحلیل محتوای منابع علمی، گویه‌های کیو شناسایی و با تحلیل عاملی در نرم‌افزار SPSS دسته‌بندی شدند. سه الگوی ذهنی متمایز (بازنمایی نمادین، پیوند عاطفی با مکان و ویژگی‌های محیطی) شناسایی شدند. بررسی دیدگاه‌ها، عوامل «زیست‌تجربه و پیوند عاطفی با مکان» برآمده از مفاهیم پدیدارشناسی مکان و هویت مکانی و «حافظه و سیمای جمعی مکان» برآمده از مفاهیم حافظۀ جمعی، مکان‌های حافظه و سیمای شهری را به عنوان مهم‌ترین عوامل مؤثر بر ارتقای خاطره‌انگیزی و دلبستگی به مکان آشکارسازی کردند. همچنین عوامل کمکی «بازسازی حافظه و بازگشت به تجربۀ مکانی» و «همه‌جانبه‌گرایی محیطی» نیز استحصال شدند.

https://jspr.jdisf.ac.ir/article_734027_90f28ce5f44ab32e24a7de9518e5bc4a.pdf